Greening the Battery Industry: The Environmental Impact of Lithium-ion Battery OEMs

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Lithium extraction involves water-intensive brine mining or energy-hard rock mining, causing soil degradation, groundwater depletion, and habitat destruction. For example, Chile’s Atacama Salt Flat lost 21% of its freshwater reserves due to lithium mining. OEMs like Albemarle now use direct lithium extraction (DLE) to reduce water use by 50% and avoid evaporation ponds.

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How Does Battery Manufacturing Contribute to Carbon Emissions?

Producing lithium-ion batteries emits 60-100 kg CO₂ per kWh, with 40% from electricity used in cell production. Factories in coal-dependent regions (e.g., China) worsen this. Tesla’s Nevada Gigafactory offsets 93% of emissions via solar, while Northvolt uses hydropower to cut emissions by 90% compared to coal-powered rivals.

Why Is Recycling Critical for Sustainable Battery Production?

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